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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mondbuchstabe</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Unter <b>Mondbuchstaben</b> (<a href="Arabische_Sprache" title="Arabische Sprache">arabisch</a> <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">حروف قمرية</bdi></bdo>, <a href="DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">DMG</a> <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">ḥurūf qamariyya</span></i>) versteht man diejenigen Buchstaben des <a href="Arabisches_Alphabet" title="Arabisches Alphabet">arabischen Alphabets</a>, die beim Aufeinandertreffen mit dem bestimmten arabischen Artikel <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">ال</bdi></bdo> (<i>al-</i>) dessen /l/ nicht <a href="Assimilation_(Phonologie)" title="Assimilation (Phonologie)">assimilieren</a>, z. B. <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">القمر</bdi></bdo> <i>al-qamar</i> „der Mond“. Sie stehen im Gegensatz zu den <a href="Sonnenbuchstabe" title="Sonnenbuchstabe">Sonnenbuchstaben</a>, bei denen die Assimilation eintritt, z. B. <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الشمس</bdi></bdo> <i>aš-šams</i> „die Sonne“.
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<p>Die 14 Mondbuchstaben sind, jeweils mit einem Beispielwort (im Klammern die Übersetzung):
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<ul><li><a href="Alif" title="Alif">Alif</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الأب</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-ʾab</span></i> (der Vater)</li>
<li><a href="B%C4%81'" title="Bā'">Bāʾ</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الباب</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-bāb</span></i> (die Tür)</li>
<li><a href="Dsch%C4%ABm" title="Dschīm">Ǧīm</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الجزيرة</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-ǧazīra</span></i> (die Insel)</li>
<li><a href="%E1%B8%A4%C4%81'" title="Ḥā'">Ḥāʾ</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الحرف</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-ḥarf</span></i> (die Schneide, der Rand, die Kante; der Buchstabe)</li>
<li><a href="Ch%C4%81'" title="Chā'">Ḫāʾ</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الخوف</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-ḫauf</span></i> (die Angst)</li>
<li><a href="%CA%BFAin" title="ʿAin">ʿAin</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">العرب</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-ʿarab</span></i> (die Araber)</li>
<li><a href="Ghain" title="Ghain">Ġayn</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الغرب</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-ġarb</span></i> (der Westen)</li>
<li><a href="F%C4%81'" title="Fā'">Fāʾ</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الفم</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-fam</span></i> (der Mund)</li>
<li><a href="Q%C4%81f" title="Qāf">Qāf</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">القمر</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-qamar</span></i> (der Mond)</li>
<li><a href="K%C4%81f" title="Kāf">Kāf</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الكتاب</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-kitāb</span></i> (das Buch)</li>
<li><a href="M%C4%ABm" title="Mīm">Mīm</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الموت</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-maut</span></i> (der Tod)</li>
<li><a href="H%C4%81'" title="Hā'">Hāʾ</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الهلال</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-hilāl</span></i> (der Halbmond, die Mondsichel)</li>
<li><a href="W%C4%81w" title="Wāw">Wāw</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الولد</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-walad</span></i> (das Kind, der Sohn)</li>
<li><a href="Y%C4%81'" title="Yā'">Yāʾ</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">اليمني</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">al-yamanī</span></i> (der Jemenit)</li></ul>
<p>In einigen modernen arabischen Dialekten sind manche Mondbuchstaben zu Sonnenbuchstaben geworden, d. h. der bestimmte Artikel assimiliert. Ein Beispiel dafür ist <a href="Tunesisch-Arabisch" title="Tunesisch-Arabisch">Tunesisch-Arabisch</a> <a href="%C7%A6%C4%ABm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧīm">Ǧīm</a>: <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="ar" class="arabic spanAr" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-size:120%;">الجمل</bdi></bdo> / <i><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style:italic">εʒ-ʒmεl</span></i> (das Dromedar).
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